THE ROLE OF BRAZIL IN THE WORLD ORANGE JUICE MARKET: A THREAT POSED BY CVC

The role of the processed citrus industry of Brazil, the largest world orange juice producer, is discussed with reference to CVC (citrus variegated chlorosis), a bacterial disease that affects one-third of the Brazilian tree inventory. Scenarios are analyzed via a spatial equilibrium model on the impact of increased/decreased CVC incidence.Brazil, CVC, orange juice, Xylella, International Relations/Trade,

A TARGET MOTAD ANALYSIS OF A CROP AND LIVESTOCK FARM IN JEFFERSON COUNTY, FLORIDA

An analysis of a typical crop and livestock farm in North Florida is presented. The analysis incorporates the potential competition and complementarity among crop and beef cattle enterprises. A Target MOTAD model is developed to account for risk in a decision framework. The results indicate that when income risk is ignored, peanuts, watermelon, and stocker cattle are the only enterprises included in the optimal solution. When income risk is heavily weighted, the optimal solution includes peanuts, watermelon, stocker cattle, cow-calf, and irrigated soybeans. The results suggest that the persistence of cow-calf production may be explained as a stabilizer of income.Farm Management,

The Allocation of Advertising and Research Dollars in the Florida Orange Juice Industry

This study considers the allocation of Florida citrus‐grower money between advertising and research programs to maximize grower revenue net of program costs. The allocation depends on the impact of advertising on demand and the impacts of research on the cost of production and supply. A number of studies have estimated the impact of advertising on OJ demand, but little is known about the impact of research. Research on citrus greening, a disease that has no known cure, is examined in the present study. There are no past studies to reliably gauge the impact of this research. The approach taken here is to ask if a given amount of research dollars is needed to reduce average production costs by certain amount, then what should be spent on advertising based on past estimates of the elasticity of demand with respect to advertising. The optimal ratio of advertising to research dollars increases with the advertising elasticity and declines with the amount of research money needed to reduce average costs. The results of this study provide a range for this ratio based on different advertising elasticities and amounts of research dollars needed to reduce production costs. The approach provides an indication of the importance of advertising given expectations on the research needed to successfully fight this diseaseorange juice, returns to research, advertising, Agribusiness, Food Security and Poverty,

THE IMPACT OF THE REDUCTION IN THE AUSTRALIAN ORANGE-JUICE TARIFF

After substantial reduction in the Australian orange juice tariff, citrus growers in that country shifted their efforts away from Valencia orange production towards Navel oranges intended for the fresh market. Australia has been successful in penetrating the world market for fresh oranges. Given the large size of the orange industry in Florida, however, it is unlikely that Florida growers could follow the same model if the U.S. orange juice were substantially reduced or eliminated.oranges, tariffs, Australia, International Relations/Trade,

THE IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE PAYMENT ARRANGEMENTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FLORIDA SUGARCANE COOPERATIVES

Payment arrangements among members of a cooperative play a critical role in the performance of the cooperative. The impact of three payment systems is assessed for Florida sugarcane cooperatives through a bi-level programming model which incorporates both individual and collective behavior.Agricultural Finance,

THE IMPACTS ON THE U.S. GRAPEFRUIT INDUSTRY FROM BANNING THE PESTICIDE SODIUM ORTHO-PHENYLPHENATE

Sodium Ãœrtho-phenylphenate (SOPP) is a postharvest pesticide commonly used on citrus. SOPP poses some food safety risks and is currently in the Environmental Protection Agency's Stage IV of the pesticide re-registration process. Costs to the fresh grapefruit industry are estimated for increases in the postharvest loss rates of fresh grapefruit following an SOPP ban. The ban's effects on domestic and export sales of fresh and processed grapefruit are estimated.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Analysis of the U.S.-Mexico Sugar Trade - 10 Years of NAFTA Regime and 10 Years from Now

The U.S.- Mexico sugar trade was examined, paying a close attention to the provisions of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the circumstances surrounding the industries of the two countries. Quantitative analyses provided the outlook of the future sugar market and shed light on the political implications.International Relations/Trade,

A MODEL OF THE STUBBLE REPLACEMENT DECISION FOR FLORIDA SUGARCANE GROWERS

Crop Production/Industries,

A STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE ANALYSIS OF CONTRACT GRAZING FEEDER CATTLE

Contract grazing feeder cattle is an arrangement where cattle owned by one party graze forage produced on land owned by another party. The forage producer is paid a fixed price per pound gained. Stochastic dominance analysis is used to compare contract grazing and the more traditional system in which the same individual owns both the cattle and land.Livestock Production/Industries,

Economic Issues of Invasive Pests and Diseases and Food Safety

The problem of invasive pests and diseases has become more urgent and far more complex today than in the recent past. Increased trade and movement of people, and the opening up of new trade routes have increased opportunities for the spread of invasive species. In addition, mono-cropping systems of cultivation; globalization; increased resistance of pests to pesticides and food safety and environmental concerns have all contributed to the growing complexity of the problem on hand. The economic dimensions of the problem can be viewed from at least two perspectives. First, with regard to the spread and impact of invasive species, particularly how best to provide more comprehensive assessments of impacts of invasions, so as to improve the cost effectiveness and efficiency of publicly funded programs aimed at eradication, control or mitigation of invasive pests and diseases. Second, from the perspective of incorporating more economic analysis and use of economic instruments in designing sanitary and phytosanitary measures. The paper explores some of these issues from an economic perspective. It concludes that incorporating more economic analysis in matters related to biological invasions is desirable, but presents a challenge to economists. Measurement requires data, and success in measurement will require that economists and biological scientists work closer together than they have in the past.sanitary and phytosanitary measures, SPS, invasive species, WTO, economic impact of invasive species, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade,